http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/issue/feedAnalele stiintifice ale Universitatii “Al.I. Cuza” din Iasi. Stiinte economice / Scientific Annals of the "Al. I. Cuza"2016-07-08T04:02:27+03:00SAAICessaaic@gmail.comOpen Journal Systems<h3><strong>Starting with 2016 the website of the Journal is <a href="http://saeb.feaa.uaic.ro/" target="_self">saeb.feaa.uaic.ro</a></strong></h3><p>____________________</p><p>Call for papers</p><p>On behalf of the editorial board of the Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii "Al.I. Cuza" din Iaşi. Ştiinţe economice / Scientific Annals of the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi. Economic Sciences (SAAIC), we are pleased to communicate to you that we are continuously accepting manuscripts for the next issues. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts reporting recent developments in their field.</p><p>The paper must be an original unpublished work written in English that is not currently under review by other journals. All papers should be submitted electronically only, via our <a href="/index.php/saaic/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions%20">website</a>. </p><p><strong>There are no submission or publication costs for authors.</strong></p><p>Manuscripts should follow the format style of the journal. The papers should not exceed 30 pages including figures and references, and an author is only allowed to publish one paper. Detailed background information on the submission of papers and reviews can be found in the <a href="/index.php/saaic/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions%20"><em>Submission section</em></a></p><p><span>Accepted papers will be available on the journal website soon after acceptance, in a special section, <em>Early Bird</em>. This “advance access” system enables us to publish papers online well ahead of their appearance in the printed journal (three times a year starting with 2015, in March, July and November). It also allows authors to obtain citations earlier, due to the use of 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI).</span></p><p><img style="float: left; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" src="/public/site/images/admin/Annals_of_UAIC.jpg" alt="" /></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Type of publication</strong>: scientific/academic<br /> <strong>Language</strong>: English<br /> ISSN-L: 0379–7864 <br /> ISSN: 0379–7864 (printed edition)<br /> ISSN: 2068–8717 (online edition)</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100264007&tip=sid&clean=0" target="_blank"><img style="float: left; width: 250px;" src="/public/site/images/admin/Screen_Shot_2015-10-19_at_13.00_.49_.png" alt="" /></a><p><br /> </p><p> </p><p> <a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100264007&tip=sid&clean=0" target="_blank"><img src="/public/site/images/admin/journal_img.png" alt="" /></a></p><script type="mce-text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ setTimeout(function(){ window.location = "http://saeb.feaa.uaic.ro/"; }, 20000); // ]]></script>http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/273INFLUENCE OF RULES FOR COMPUTING CORPORATE INCOME TAX ON THE ACCURACY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF LITHUANIAN COMPANIES2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Gintaras Cerniuscerniusg@mruni.euLiucija Birskytelbirskyte@mruni.euArturas Balkeviciusa.balkevicius@mruni.eu<p><em>Companies in Lithuania have to follow Business Accounting Standards (BAS) when preparing their financial statements. Recording financial transactions according to BAS ensures that the information a company shares with potential lenders and investors gives a true and fair view of its business situation. However, the tax law prescribes its own set of accounting rules, which can result in a difference between what a business shows in financial statements and what it reports on its tax returns. This paper examines whether Lithuanian companies predominantly use tax accounting principles that migrate into their financial statements to create an inaccurate picture of business performance. The method of experts’ evaluation was chosen for that purpose. The results indicate that Lithuanian companies tend to heavily rely on accounting principles prescribed in corporate income tax law thus distorting information contained in financial statements. The paper contributes to the scarce literature on this issue of high relevance to both academics and practitioners. </em></p>2016-03-03T02:51:09+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/279Corporate governance for Athens Stock Exchange listed firms2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Theognosia Tellidout_tellidou@hotmail.grChris Groset_tellidou@hotmail.grPersefoni Polychronidoupolychr@teiemt.grTheodore Kargidist_tellidou@hotmail.grStergios Anatolitist_tellidou@hotmail.gr<p>The present paper focuses on the level of compliance and application of corporate governance from the corporations listed in the Athens Stock Exchange (A.S.E.) and attempts to highlight improvements from the adoption of best practices suggested by corporate governance recent trends worldwide. In order for the research to be conducted, a series of qualitative and quantitative variables were used, as derived from the financial statements of 162 public companies. A more extensive analysis regarding the level of compliance with corporate governance was conducted in 25 companies with the highest and 25 corporations with the lowest score, whose classification in these positions was the result of a rating system that was created for this purpose.</p>2016-03-03T02:56:43+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/260FISCAL IMPACTS ON OUTPUT IN A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY: THE CASE OF ALBANIA2016-06-20T02:32:38+03:00Nikolay Patonovpatonec@mail.bg<p class="Abstractcontent">The paper is intended to study the effects of total government spending and tax revenue on the annual GDP growth rate inAlbania. On this base, we can examine whether and to which extent the macroeconomic governance could rely on those fiscal instruments in terms of a small open economy. The empirical methodology is based on regression analysis which includes OLS estimation on simply specified regression model and Vector Autoregressive estimates. The results support the assumptions that government expenditure is a weak instrument for policy impacts and the government must rely on taxation to stimulate economic growth.</p>2016-06-20T02:32:37+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/338THE IMPACT OF THE 2008 GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE TRANSMISSION OF PRICE INNOVATIONS ACROSS FINANCIAL MARKETS: THE CASE OF SOUTHWEST ASIAN EQUITY MARKETS2016-06-21T04:42:57+03:00Qunfeng Liaoqunliao@umflint.eduSeyed Mehdianseyed@umich.eduJohn Stephensjohstep@umflint.edu<p>This study examines the reaction of Southeast Asian equity markets to the transmission of price innovations from major equity markets during the pre and post periods of the 2008 global financial crisis. In particular, we examine the reaction of returns indices in Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand as endogenous variables, and compare them to the returns indices of the U.S., the Eurozone, Japan, and China as exogenous variables. The results of VAR models indicate the combined and individual impact of the price innovations from the major equity markets on the volatility of returns of selected countries is relatively trivial during either the pre- or post-financial crisis periods. However, the individual impact of the U.S. innovations is generally higher during the post-financial crisis. The ARCH and GARCH models indicate the stock markets of Southeast Asian countries are more responsive to their own price innovations during both the pre- and the post-crisis periods, although some response to U.S. and Eurozone shocks is also observed.</p>2016-06-21T04:42:57+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/247BIG DATA CONCEPT IN THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN: SMALL MARKETS CASE2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Valentinas Navickasvalna@ktu.ltValentas Gruzauskasvalentas.gruzauskas@ktu.edu<p><em>The strategies of competitive advantage are changing dramatically, because of high technology development. The data size in the world is multiplying rapidly - the amount of information in the world doubles every 12 months. Therefore, the authors analyzed big data in the food supply chain. The food industry‘s supply is complicated, because of various regulations and a demand for high quality products just on time. Various companies are transporting partial freight. Therefore, the visibility, lead-time and cost minimization is essential for them. However, they are unable to use all the gathered information and are not utilizing the potential that is possible. The problem of data analysis is a bigger concern to the smaller markets. Many of the small markets are less developed countries that still is not using big data in their enterprises. In addition, new technologies are developing in the big data industry. Therefore, the gap of technology will increase even more between the large and small markets. The analyzed innovation level and technology usage indicated a need for the food industry to change competiveness strategies. Therefore, the authors developed a competiveness strategy that is oriented to the small market’s food industry. </em></p>2016-03-03T02:43:34+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/255A MODEL OF WEBSITE QUALITY-BASED E-COMMERCE SATISFACTION INDEX2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Lina Pilelienėl.pileliene@evf.vdu.ltViktorija Grigaliūnaitėv.grigaliunaite@gmail.com<p class="Abstractcontent"><span lang="EN-US">In the contemporary highly competitive e-business market, organization’s success depends on satisfaction and loyalty of its customers. Whereas </span><span lang="EN-US">the differentiation of the determinants and their impact on customer satisfaction in different countries exists, the research aims at developing a model of website quality-based e-commerce customer satisfaction index. </span><span lang="EN-US">While achieving the aim of the article, the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature is provided. Furthermore, quantitative research and the analysis of the research results </span><span lang="EN-US">by means of principle component analysis, structural equation modelling using partial least squares path modelling methodology, and Importance-Performance matrix</span><span lang="EN-US"> are applied. As a research result, the </span><span lang="EN-US">model of website quality-based e-commerce customer satisfaction index is elaborated. Latter model indicates the factors, which are worth investments in order to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty. As a result, not profitable investments might be avoided, which could contribute to the growing competitiveness of e-business.</span></p>2016-03-03T02:48:43+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/274The Use of Enterprise Social Networks in Organizations from the Perspective of Generation Y in the Czech Republic2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Martin Becanmartin.becan@email.czZdenek Smutnyzdenek.smutny@vse.czThe article presents the views of the Czech Generation Y on the use of enterprise social networks and their expectations and ideas about the use of communication methods or tools in the context of communication and collaboration in an organization. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of using enterprise social networks in the organizational context. The questionnaire survey that was conducted (838 respondents) completes the view of Czech managers on communication in organizations examined in the European Communication Monitor 2014. This research highlights the different ideas of representatives of Generation Y on personal and professional communication. The distinction lies between the communication methods they commonly use in private life or in the course of their studies and their perception of what methods are or will be used in organizational context for internal communication. Finally, the article discusses institutional resistance in implementing enterprise social networking in an organization. It follows from a broader discussion that an important determinant of success in implementing enterprise social networks is not only the willingness of ordinary employees to use them, but also that of managers. On the one hand, they want enterprise social networks to be used by their employees, but on the other hand, they do not want to use them themselves.2016-03-03T02:53:30+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/311CONCEPTUALIZATION AND OPERATIONALISATION OF SPECIFIC VARIABLES IN EXPLORATORY RESEARCHES – AN EXAMPLE FOR BUSINESS NEGOTIATION2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Adriana Zaitazait@uaic.ro<p><em>In exploratory researches we are looking for clues, trying to get a better picture of the research variables and relationships. Besides variables already studied, identified in the literature review, we might deal with specific variables – for the investigated subject and socio-cultural region – the ones that might lead us to new explanations and theories. These new variables can be depicted from in-depth interviews and informal discussions with intervening actors, through a process of identification, conceptualization (obtaining theoretical definitions), and operationalisation (suggesting ways for the measurement of the identified variables). The present paper offers an example of such a process for a particular subject – identifying potential specific influences on the business negotiation behaviour. The focus is on the methodological aspects of such a research endeavour. </em></p>2016-03-03T03:00:59+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/317City centres as places for strategic cooperation through active city management – the significance of trade entities2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Sebastian BRAŃKAbrankas@uek.krakow.plAndres COCA-STEFANIAKa.coca-stefaniak@gre.ac.ukJarosław PLICHTAplichtaj@uek.krakow.pl<p><em>This paper posits that the contemporary city should be viewed as a common space that needs the effort of many various stakeholders in order to satisfy the diverse (and changing) needs of its stakeholders. Yet, achieving this effectively requires active management and coordination of a range of activities. This paper discusses three examples of recent activities in Cracow (Poland) that reflect strategic approach. The first of these case studies focuses on identifying the factors encouraging students to remain in Cracow after completing their studies. The second case study corresponds to a shopping centre opened in 2006 and the last case study shows the recent application of the cultural park legal framework to the city centre of Cracow. This study also makes reference to recent research funded by the European Commission’s Life Long Learning programme on the professional competences of city managers across 6 countries<strong>. </strong></em></p>2016-03-03T03:03:18+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/320ORGANIC FOOD MARKET IN POLAND – MAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Tomasz Hermaniukt.herman@ur.edu.pl<p class="Abstractcontent"><span lang="EN-GB">Since the early nineties of the twentieth century in the international arena began the interest in the issues of sustainable consumption and production. Undoubtedly, an important category of products, which have a significant impact on the environment, are food products. The intensive agriculture focused mainly on performance and reduction of manufacturing costs leads inevitably to destructive actions that have measurable adverse effects on the environment. </span></p><p class="Abstractcontent"><span lang="EN-GB">The main aim of this paper is to present the results of consumer research concerning attitudes and opinions of customers towards organic food products. In a society the awareness of the importance of organic production for society is growing. However, the interest in organic products appears to be still relatively small. In these circumstances it seems to be important to discover and describe the factors which could potentially increase the interest of the costumers in organic food, which would lead to the growth in the demand for it. </span></p>2016-03-03T03:04:55+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/286HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGIES IN ROMANIAN TOURISM COMPANIES2016-06-21T04:15:04+03:00Maria Tatarusanutmari@uaic.roAngelica Oneaanonea@uaic.roDumitru Zaitdzait@uaic.ro<p><em>In the context of political, social and economic global worries, tourism remains an underexploited option as its ability to be a consistent revenues source in Romania. Some companies have understood this and thus they have successfully developed their activities by building their business in a strategic way. In the same way, others failed due to lack of vision and coherence. The strategic thinking capacity, that has led them to success, has been reflected specially in their human resources strategies – positive effects generator on long term. What do they mean and what do these strategies consist of? The main purpose of this article consists in the analysis of information both from the online environment and literature reviews referring to this subject. It also aims to provide best practices and recommendations for a strategic approach of human resources in tourism companies, having in mind an area whose future must to be considered. </em></p>2016-06-21T04:15:04+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/325INFORMATION CHANNELS EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT ON THE BASIS OF DATA FROM STATISTICAL SURVEY2016-07-07T13:27:10+03:00Milan Terekmilan.terek1@gmail.com<p><em>The paper deals with the possibilities of using the data from statistical survey for information channels effectiveness assessment in the case when the same information is provided by more different information channels to different groups of people in the framework of one time period. The association between two categorical variables is analyzed. Values of the first variable represent information channels and values of second one represent different groups of people obtaining information through these information channels. The procedure of information channels effectiveness assessment for different groups of people is suggested. The proposed procedure is applied in information flows about academic ethics improvement at one Slovak university.</em></p>2016-07-07T13:27:10+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/316FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNCONVENTIONAL MARKETING IN CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS – EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA2016-07-07T13:29:29+03:00Iva Buljubašićiva1988@gmail.comMarija Hammarija.ham@gmail.comAna Papana.pap.88@gmail.com<p> </p><p class="Abstractcontent">Unconventional marketing has the potential to contribute not only to the well-being of cultural institutions but also to the society by raising its general cultural level and fostering economic growth based on creative industries. This paper contributes to the theoretical explanation and understanding of the unconventional marketing approach by providing an overview of literature, a developed model of successful marketing in cultural institutions and an analysis of the objectives of such marketing. Based on empirical research on cultural institutions in the Republic of Croatia, the research objective was to contribute to identifying and understanding the factors that influence unconventional marketing as well as the potential for applying unconventional marketing in cultural institutions. Research was limited to three types of cultural institutions (theatres, museums and galleries) and it was conducted on a sample of 244 institutions by using a highly structured online questionnaire.</p>2016-07-07T13:29:29+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/326STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, A FRILL OR A NEED - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ALBANIAN AND MACEDONIAN BUSINESSES2016-07-08T01:01:07+03:00Marika Basheska Gjorgjieskamarika.baseska@uklo.edu.mkvasilika Kumevasilika.kume@unitir.edu.alBesa Shahinibesa.shahini@unitir.edu.al<p><em>Management experts have argued repeatedly that firms or companies should respond to environmental changes, such as increased competition, by engaging in more systematic planning to anticipate and respond to changing and unforeseen events. The reason for this argument is because formal strategic planning has been seen to enhance a firm’s performance. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the situation of implementation of the strategic management thought in two Balkan Countries in order to give valuable recommendations for improvement of these processes. In this paper, through an empirical study of both countries are given answers to the following questions:</em><em> How do private businesses formulate, implement and evaluate strategies in Albania and Macedonia context? How and to what extent do contextual factors influence the action and performance of businesses? The empirical research upon which this paper is based has highlighted a number of valuable results in terms of new descriptive evidence of the levels of tool support and the top tools which are used by strategic management practitioners in Albania and Macedonia for a series of core strategic tasks.</em></p>2016-07-08T01:00:53+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/269THE PROPORTIONS AND RATES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR OF GROSS VALUE ADDED MAXIMIZATION IN TRANSITION ECONOMY2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Yaroslav VYKLYUKvyklyuk@ukr.netValeriy YEVDOKYMENKOvyklyuk@ukr.netIhor YASKALigoryaskal@gmail.com<p><em>Sustain growth of value added is one of the most important problem in many countries with transition economy. The article provides new evidence about determining the future dynamics of the economic activities with increasing value added. </em><em> </em><em>In this paper, we have used Hopfield’s neural network to clarify the strategies of social and economic development of country. Three types of strategies have been created with using mathematical models and quantitative assessment of their efficiency has been made. From the simulation results, it is observed that state regulation based on this methodology can build the basis for further improvements in economic policy</em><em>.</em><em></em></p>2016-03-03T02:34:55+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/230HEALTH AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE EU COUNTRIES2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Bibiána Novákovábibiana.novakova@tuke.skTatiana Vagašovátatiana.vagasova@tuke.sk<p class="Abstractcontent">The aim of the paper is to analyse health and its influence on quality of life in the EU countries. One of actually discussed topics in quality of life measurement is health. This paper assesses importance of health in determining the quality of life. First research goal tries to explore relationship between indicators of objective and self-perceived health status to find out means of their usage in the context of quality of life. Next goal is focused on influence of health satisfaction on overall life satisfaction. Final research goal tries to explain relationship between health of population and overall life satisfaction. Main contribution of the paper is to demonstrate differences between objective and self-perceived health and to point out the fact that overall life satisfaction is shaped by various dimensions of life. </p>2016-03-03T02:42:19+02:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/254THE CREDIBILITY OF FISCAL RULES POLICY AND BUSINESS CYCLE VOLATILITY2016-07-07T13:24:01+03:00Haryo Kuncorohar_kun@feunj.ac.id<em>This aim of this paper is two-fold; first, it studies the impact of fiscal rule policy credibility on output growth stability; second, it compares to discretionary as well as automatic stabilizer fiscal policy. Employing quarterly data over the period 2001-2013 in the case of Indonesia, we obtain that the credible debt rule leads to decrease the volatility of output growth while the incredible deficit rule does not have any effect. Both unsystematic and systematic components of discretionary fiscal policy have a stabilizing function. Interestingly, the automatic stabilization tends to induce the output growth volatility. Given those results, we infer that government spending is not a good automatic stabilizer. It seems that the lower ratio of government expenditure to GDP along with improving credibility of deficit rule policy has a smoother effect on the economy. Therefore, they implicitly support expenditure cuts in implementing fiscal adjustment in order to reach fiscal sustainability in the short-run and stable economic growth in the long-run.</em>2016-07-07T13:24:01+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/328FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES2016-07-07T13:28:10+03:00YILMAZ BAYARyilmaz.bayar@usak.edu.tr<p><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Financial sector has experienced significant expansion together with accelerating financial globalization in recent years and</span></em><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></em><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">had important positive and negative implications for all the economies. This study investigates the interaction among unemployment, financial development and domestic investment in 16 emerging market economies during 2001-2014 period using panel data analysis. We found that there was long relationship among the variables and both domestic and foreign direct investment had negative impact on unemployment. Furthermore, there was one-way causal relationship from development of financial sector to unemployment.</span></em></p>2016-07-07T13:28:10+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/331USING PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR PRICING OF GOODS AND SERVICES2016-07-08T04:02:27+03:00Meotdi Traykovmetodi.gt@gmail.comMiglena Trenchevamegy_tr2001@swu.bgRadoslav Mavrevskimavrevski@swu.bgAnton Stoilovantonstoilov@swu.bgIvan Trenchevtrenchev@swu.bg<p><em>This article is based on the methodology of comparative analysis, using an innovative approach for pricing of various goods and services. Benchmarking is the continuous search to find and adapt better pricing methods that leading to increased profits. We will consider the numerical solution of partial differential equations, based on Black-Scholes model for pricing of goods and services within European option. Also, we will present formulation and numerical behavior of explicit and implicit methods that can be use in pricing for company assets within European option.</em></p>2016-07-08T01:01:42+03:00http://saaic.feaa.uaic.ro/index.php/saaic/article/view/298REACHING THE OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - A SOUTH AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ANALYSIS2016-03-03T03:16:21+02:00Costica Mihaiticu@uaic.roMioara Borzamioara@uaic.roMihai Talmaciumtalm@uaic.ro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">The reduction of the development gap of South and East European economy compared with the rest of the developed countries represent an important condition to achieve the goal of „healthy development” of European Union. High level of competitiveness in West European industries as well as new policy of sustainable development causes a rethinking of strategy of individual countries. Creative industries may contribute to the efficient utilization of local resources and individual characteristics. Using the culture like an ”engine” of regional development, in South and Eastern Europe, countries can generate many positive and lasting effects on these economies. This article presents the role and evolution of creative goods and industries in South and Eastern European countries, and aims to prefigure their impact on sustainable development of these regions. The involvement of these goods in international trade may improve or rehabilitate the position of different economies at European level.</span>2016-03-03T02:59:17+02:00